There is general agreement that entitlement to governing is limited to "membership in the city", which is esentially the formal definition of citizen and citizenship.

From its Greek roots all through its medieval developments, citizenship was a collective attribute, which could not be exercised as a private individual right. The conception of citizenship as an individual property of the private self only came with Christianity, as recently as the Renaissance, reinforced and given impetus by the American and French Revolutions and nineteenth century practices. Along with a persisting tension between the collective and individual nature of citizenship, we find the age-old dilemma of participation, shown here on the horizontal axis. Membership -- citizenship -- means participation. But as the scale of the city increased, the meaning of citizenship changed, moving, as it were, on the horizontal axis towards representative government.